What are the differences between Arteries and Veins?

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What are the differences between Arteries and Veins?

Tuesday, May 17, 2016

What are the differences between Arteries and Veins?

Are there valves in arteries?

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. Difference between Arteries and Veins ~ My Notes from Wikipedia (My Notes from Wikipedia is exactly the same, except that it is presented in a way that my mind can easily absorb because it starts with things I find easy to understand first so that it's easier to add on the things that are more difficult later. This helps me to cover more before difficulty slows me down.) Veins are blood vessels that carry blood toward the heart. In contrast to veins, arteries carry blood away from the heart. Veins are often closer to the skin. There are valves in most veins to prevent backflow. Most veins carry deoxygenated blood from the tissues back to the heart; exceptions are the pulmonary and umbilical veins, both of which carry oxygenated blood to the heart. Veins are less muscular than arteries. .

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. From Wikipedia Veins are blood vessels that carry blood toward the heart. Most veins carry deoxygenated blood from the tissues back to the heart; exceptions are the pulmonary and umbilical veins, both of which carry oxygenated blood to the heart. In contrast to veins, arteries carry blood away from the heart. Veins are less muscular than arteries and are often closer to the skin. There are valves in most veins to prevent backflow. ~ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vein .

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Are there valves in arteries?

https://www.quora.com/Why-dont-arteries-have-valves

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. https://www.quora.com/Why-dont-arteries-have-valves/answer/Roman-Saini Why don't arteries have valves? Roman Saini, Dissected them during medicine days. 13.9k Views • Roman has 11 endorsements in Medicine and Healthcare. Main function of valve is to prevent back flow of blood. This is because blood pressure in veins is very low (compared to arteries).  There is no need of valves in the arteries because the blood pressure usually varies between 70-110 mm Hg.  Imagine you have just opened a tap with full flow in a washroom and you applied your hand at the outflow. That is just 50-60 mm Hg (in normal circumstances). It's impossible for water to back flow when such a tremendous amount of pressure is applied from the origin.  One of my friend nicked a patient's artery by mistake and blood literally sprayed 6-7 feet in the air. That's the kind of strong pressure I'm talking about. Anyway, if the valves (especially sapheno-femoral valve) in the lower limbs fail, back flow of blood is visible from the naked eye in the form of tortuousity. It is called varicose veins. Written Aug 29, 2015 • View Upvotes Upvote110Downvote Comments2+ .

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. https://www.quora.com/Why-dont-arteries-have-valves/answer/Mary-Snider-1 Why don't arteries have valves? Mary Snider, Philospher! 151 Views Veins have valves to prevent blood from flowing backwards and pooling, whereas arteries pump blood at higher pressures, which naturally prevents backflow.  Veins need valves to keep blood flowing in one direction because the flow is less constant; the flow in arteries is constant and requires artery walls to be more flexible and strong enough to accommodate the high pressures. The valves in veins allow blood flow in one direction while blocking any counter-flow. These valves assist the body in sending blood in the correct direction; for example, blood flow must work against gravity to move blood from your legs back toward your heart. The valves ensure success, as they keep blood moving forward in the veins. While these valves work quite efficiently when intact, they tend to break down during aging or when people are inactive for long periods of time. These breakdowns allow blood to pool where the valves are not working effectively. Such pooling leads to varicose veins. Rather than requiring valves to regulate blood flow, arteries require flexible walls that can withstand great pressure to accommodate the flow. The constant motion of blood in arteries ensures that blood is always pushed forward; it does not flow backwards because of the blood behind it. Instead, arteries must deal with increases in pressure when blood flow increases; as a result, arteries have walls that expand and contract in response to the pressure of the flowing blood. Written Feb 12, 2016 UpvoteDownvote Comment .

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Difference between Artery and Vein

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Hepatitis C at SGH ~ WHAT... or HOW... it could have happened

The image in this News Article 

is NOT about SGH's Hepatitis-C, 

because in SGH's case, 

brand new needles and syringes 

are always used to extract the contents.

BUT it may help explain... 

what... or how... 

it could have happened.

"The cause of the infections 

is still under investigation, 

with the use of multi-dose vials 

- in this case to deliver insulin 

- under suspicion."

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. News Article http://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/moh-told-of-hepatitis-c-cluster-in-late-august MOH told of hepatitis C cluster at Singapore General Hospital in late August by Seow Bei Yi & Linette Lai, PUBLISHED: 2015 Oct 08 Image (converted from this PDF): How hepatitis C was spread in US clinic http://www.straitstimes.com/sites/default/files/attachments/2015/10/08/ST_20151008_1VIAL08_1744203.pdf Click on image to enlarge: A version of this article appeared in the print edition of The Straits Times on October 08, 2015, with the headline 'MOH told of hepatitis C cluster in late August'. Print Edition | Subscribe Ministry gives detailed timeline of events relating to the SGH cases SINGAPORE - It was in late August that the Singapore General Hospital (SGH) reported to the Ministry of Health (MOH) it had identified a cluster of 21 hepatitis C cases and suspected they were linked. On Sept 3, after reviewing SGH's report, Associate Professor Benjamin Ong, the director of medical services (DMS) at MOH, met SGH clinicians. They told him tests showed the virus in the 21 cases was related. They also said they had taken enhanced control measures and noted there had been no further cases after June 24. Dr Ong then asked for specific steps to be taken, including confirmation by the Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*Star) of SGH's findings, screening for staff who had been exposed, and external representation on the committees being set up by the hospital to review its medical and patient safety processes. Dr Ong asked that the work be done expeditiously, and no later than two weeks. The ministry on Wednesday (Oct 7) released this information, giving a detailed timeline in response to queries on why it had taken so long to inform the public of the cluster. In mid-May, SGH had suspected that kidney patients might be contracting the liver infection while in hospital. Its tests showed the patients were infected from the same source, though that has not been found. Eight patients died, with four deaths thought to be linked to the hepatitis C infection. MOH was notified of the 22nd case on Sept 21. Following their meeting on Sept 3, this was the timeline of what next took place: • On Sept 4, an MOH team visited the renal ward (Ward 64A and 67) and were taken through the processes by SGH. • On Sept 7, an A*Star laboratory confirmed SGH's initial findings that the 21 cases were related. • On Sept 9, SGH began screening all doctors and nurses who had taken care of the patients. Altogether, 76 staff members were screened and found negative for hepatitis C. • The Medical Review Committee and Quality Assurance Review Committee also met in September. • On Sept 18, Health Minister Gan Kim Yong was told about the cluster. He requested a briefing from SGH, who asked to see him on Sept 25 to give them time to complete their investigations and report. After the briefing, Mr Gan instructed that an independent review committee be set up, and for SGH to make public its preliminary findings. • On Sept 28, the members of the Review Committee were appointed by Dr Ong, comprising clinicians from different disciplines. • On Oct 6, SGH held its media briefing on the cluster. The ministry said in its statement on Wednesday: "In the investigation, the primary consideration has been to try to get to the root cause of the issue as soon as possible, exploring all possible angles, to prevent recurrence. At the same time, the teams from SGH and MOH were mindful of the need to make public the cases as soon as preliminary investigations were completed." It also said on Wednesday that it had previously been notified by the SGH laboratory of the cases as all acute hepatitis C infections must be reported within 72 hours. However, as the patients did not have symptoms such as jaundice, the cases were not classified as acute and therefore were not flagged in its weekly infectious diseases bulletin. MOH said it had reclassified those cases and would update the bulletin. The cause of the infections is still under investigation, with the use of multi-dose vials - in this case to deliver insulin - under suspicion. At least one hospital, Mount Elizabeth Novena Hospital, is already starting to review its practices for multi-dose vials, said Dr Leong Hoe Nam of the Rophi Clinic there. "I think all of us have a duty of care to review our practices, to make sure that we're doing things right," said Dr Leong. Multi-dose vials hold more than one dose of medication and can be shared between two or three patients. Brand new needles and syringes are always used to extract the contents. Health Minister Gan Kim Yong speaking to the media at SGH on Oct 6. ~ ST PHOTO: AZIZ HUSSIN .

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Hepatitis C at SGH

Hepatitis C Cluster at SGH

Hepatitis C Cluster at Singapore General Hospital

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. Hepatitis noun a disease characterized by inflammation of the liver. .

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Corn Plaster ~ Hansaplast Foot Expert

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Click to enlarge

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Art ~ Line Drawings of Microscopes & Stethoscopes

Art ~ Line Drawings of Microscopes & Stethoscopes

AVM ~ 2010 Mar 16, Tue

AVM is short for Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformation.

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. AVM ~ Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformation Definition from article below. Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformation (AVM), a congenital disorder that interrupts blood flow in the brain due to abmormal connections between arteries and veins. AVM silently waiting. Brain AVM often shows no symptoms until the tangle of the dilated blood vessels rupture to cause a hemorrhage. According to a doctor, "(it)... was like a walking time bomb. As the high-pressure blood acts on the vein, the thin wall of the vein is being stretched. It's only a matter of time before it burst." ~ excerpt for article in magazine from Bright Vision Hospital  ~ posted on this blog about Tuesday, February 01, 2011 .

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Click on image to enlarge for easy reading...

AVM ~ 1 of 2

AVM ~ 2 of 2

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AVM ~ 1 of 2
http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_z8XQt6nk2l4/TUfhJNzuLaI/AAAAAAAAEcA/OY9bOgBhUws/s1600/AVM%2B%257E%2B2010%2BMar%2B16%252C%2BTue%2B%257E%2B01-722409.jpg

AVM ~ 2 of 2

http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_z8XQt6nk2l4/TUfhJlE8xMI/AAAAAAAAEcI/t1g_2WqzWRQ/s1600/AVM%2B%257E%2B2010%2BMar%2B16%252C%2BTue%2B%257E%2B02-725421.jpg

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Medicine ~ Lorazepam

Just received this drug as a muscle relaxant for my chest pains. To read up more...
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorazepam

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS)

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What is EDS?
http://www.ednf.org/

Individuals with EDS have a defect in their connective tissue, the tissue that provides support to many body parts such as the skin, muscles and ligaments. The fragile skin and unstable joints found in EDS are the result of faulty collagen. Collagen is a protein, which acts as a "glue" in the body, adding strength and elasticity to connective tissue.

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) is a heterogeneous group of heritable connective tissue disorders, characterized by articular (joint) hypermobility, skin extensibility and tissue fragility. There are six major types of EDS. The different types of EDS are classified according to their manifestations of signs and symptoms. Each type of EDS is a distinct disorder that "runs true" in a family. This means that an individual with Vascular Type EDS will not have a child with Classical Type EDS.

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